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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're likely to know that different beans have distinct flavor profiles. Learn about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and more tart flavor and top rated coffee beans are frequently used in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of the world's production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta, and come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee are influenced by the conditions in which it is grown and the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" actually is derived from the Arabic word for berry, and buy coffee beans beans are actually fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating fruits. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and thrive in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons why Arabica is regarded as the most delicious coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that can be used in many different methods of brewing. Blending can control the aroma, taste and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is generally used to create an even and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean grown in the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sun. It produces more Top Rated Coffee Beans per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a more economical crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive, Robusta beans are often mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag and you can be sure that there's some robusta as well.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans, the majority use blend the two varieties to reduce costs and maintain the quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor it is recommended to select the best quality beans from a reliable source. This can be achieved by purchasing the beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other coffee bean varieties. They have a scent that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to give them a richer, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They can grow in low altitudes and can withstand hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. It is possible to purchase the seeds online from a number of sources, however it's best to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions to grow Liberica coffee are fertile, deep volcano soils with moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was previously classified as a distinct species, but has now been reclassified as a Liberica variant. The coffee beans that are oval in shape grow on large coffee plants that range from 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, making them a popular option for blends made at home. They have a more subtle scent and a lower caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they still have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were considered to be a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were changed to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and possess a dark, eerie taste. These beans are commonly used to give blends additional body and a rich tart taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical, warm climates and at high altitudes. They are slightly acidic. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly they may have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are smaller and rounder however, they contain twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody overtones.

After you've learned about the four most common types, it's now time to choose your favorite brew. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor, choose an arabica bean or a blend comprised of arabica beans and robusta beans.